July 16, 2025: The Water Cost of Electricity on the Susquehanna River

May 15, 2025: Data Centers and Nuclear Power on the Susquehanna River: More Questions than Answers

Sep 29, 2024: The case against restarting Three Mile Island’s Unit-1


Radioactive: The Women of Three Mile Island

Did you catch "The Meltdown: Three Mile Island" on Netflix?
TMI remains a danger and TMIA is working hard to ensure the safety of our communities and the surrounding areas.
Learn more on this site and support our efforts. Join TMIA. To contact the TMIA office, call 717-233-7897.

    

Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station, Units 2 and 3 - Initial Operator Licensing Examination Report 05000277/2025301 and 05000278/2025301
 
ADAMS Accession No. ML25240A003
 

Westinghouse welcomes NRC's licensing extension

Wednesday, 27 August 2025
 
The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission has revised the duration of its licensing design certifications from 15 years to 40 years, with Westinghouse's AP1000 approval now extended to 2046.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission noted that the change means "companies applying to build and operate reactors will have more time to reference already-certified designs by GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy, NuScale Power, Westinghouse Electric Company, and a Korean consortium. This change maintains our focus on safety with less regulatory effort and gives designers more time to gather operating experience before asking to renew a certification".

Design certifications are licensing approvals showing that a generic nuclear power plant design passes regulatory and safety requirements and is suitable to be built in the USA. Individual projects still have to get the usual site-specific permissions. The change will be effective from 15 September.

The Westinghouse AP1000 gained its original design certification in 2006 so the extension means that the design remains licensed, which will help with the overall permissions process for any proposed new units in the USA.

Dan Lipman, President, Westinghouse Energy Systems, said: "The expansion of the AP1000 design certification to 40 years further positions the advanced AP1000 modular reactor as the leading solution to meet the bold vision of the US to have 10 large-scale reactors under construction by 2030. In addition, the extension establishes a long-term licensing path to deploy our AP1000 technology abroad by providing international regulators with an established design that has already met rigorous safety standards."

The NRC's full list of design certifications it has issued comprises:

* Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) - General Electric (GE) Nuclear Energy

* Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) - Korea Electric Power Corporation and Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.

* ABWR Design Certification Rule (DCR) Amendment - South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company

* System 80+ - Westinghouse Electric Company

* Advanced Passive 600 (AP600) - Westinghouse Electric Company

* Advanced Passive 1000 (AP1000) - Westinghouse Electric Company

* Economic Simplified Boiling-Water Reactor (ESBWR) - GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy

* NuScale Small Modular Reactor (US600) - NuScale Power, LLC

Image description

 
 

The Summer 2025 edition of the Nukewatch Quarterly is now ready for viewing online! Click here to read the whole newsletter "cover to cover" on our website!



If you'd like to help keep Nukewatch going, please consider a small donation.

Donate

Uranium Found in Bones of Fallujah Survivors - U.S. Depleted Uranium Munitions Blamed

Image description

A new study reports that among people who returned to bombarded homes and neighborhoods in Fallujah, Iraq, following the 2003 U.S. bombardment and invasion, bone sampling detected uranium in the bones of 29% of study participants.

Read More

Follow us on Facebook and Instagram!

Facebook
   
Instagram
 

Our mailing address is:
Nukewatch
740A Round Lake Road
Luck, WI 54853

Heart of energy in Europe is not in Europe — This country hides 3,500,000 solar panels

by Anke E.   August 22, 2025  in Energy


There is a country that is home to the world’s most ancient known human settlement, as well as one of the oldest sweets in the world. It has also been the center of many debates, for a reason you will understand soon. It also homes the heart of energy in Europe, but it is not in Europe. The country capitalizes on its 3,500,000 hidden solar panels. Not only is it one of the biggest facilities in the world, but it is also one of the most innovative and uniquely designed facilities in the world.

One of the world’s largest hidden solar facilities

Humans, as a species, are naturally wired to be competitive, even when we are striving towards a common goal. Many nations across the world have signed the Paris Agreement to showcase their dedication to mitigating the effects of climate change. However, this noble joint attempt has resulted in many countries competing to come out on top as global leaders in renewable energies.

Solar power has been at the lead in installed renewable capacity globally, especially as many countries have set their own goals of increasing installed solar capacity by 2030, as per the International Energy Agency. The reason for this is solar’s versatile applications, which include, but are not limited to:

  • Utility-scale plants
  • Small-scale residential applications
  • Small-scale commercial applications

There is one country that has piqued our interest, as it has one of the biggest solar facilities in the world, and the biggest in Europe, but the facility itself is not in Europe.

It is Europe’s largest facility, but it is not in Europe

This solar facility comprises a vast area of solar panels. It also houses a central control building for Kalyon Energy, which is extremely unique, as it is covered in a facade of reflective solar panels, hiding the entire building between Earth and sky. There are nearly 3.5 million solar panels spanning an area of nearly 20 million square meters. The facility’s construction kicked off in August 2020, and within three years, it reached full operational capacity.

This impressive facility is called Kalyon Karapınar Solar Power Plant, and is located in the desert region of Karapınar, Turkey. This is where debate always starts. Turkey is geographically situated in both Europe and Asia; however, Karapınar is in Asia, more specifically the central region of Anatolia, as per Britannica. This marks Asia as a “top dog” in solar capacity, as we recall that China has carpeted the mountains in solar panels.

The heart of energy is about so much more than just power

Now, Kalyon Karapınar is massive and powerful. According to Kalyon’s website, the facility produces almost 3 billion kWh of power annually, which is enough clean energy for 2 million people. It has also significantly boosted Türkiye’s solar energy capacity by 15%. This capacity is reportedly the equivalent of removing nearly 1.7 million annual carbon emissions.

Additional unique features of the facility

  • The building is strategically situated to avoid shading of the solar panels
  • Its multipurpose hall and cafeteria are a hub for collaboration and learning
  • Sports a courtyard with low-maintenance native plants
  • The interior is significantly cooler than the surrounding harsh climate
  • The top facade of the courtyard is also covered with plants, boosting sustainability

The Kalyon Karapınar Solar Power Plant reminds us of the importance of integrating holistic and sustainable spaces into advanced renewable energy facilities. This unique and innovative facility brings the entire country, as well as Asia and Europe, one step closer to a more eco-friendly, sustainable power capacity. However, Asia has proven its dedication to remaining on top, especially as this Asian country has revealed the mother of all renewable plants. Competition is tough; thankfully, there is a bigger picture to keep in mind.

Disclaimer: Our coverage of events affecting companies is purely informative and descriptive. Under no circumstances does it seek to promote an opinion or create a trend, nor can it be taken as investment advice or a recommendation of any kind

Trump’s nuclear policy favors startups, widening industry rifts

By Francisco "A.J." Camacho | 08/21/2025 06:38 AM EDT
Eight of 10 companies in a Department of Energy reactor program were founded in the San Francisco Bay Area or have tech veterans in executive positions.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth speaks as Interior Secretary Doug Burgum and President Donald Trump listen in the Oval Office.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth (second from right) speaks as Interior Secretary Doug Burgum (third from right) listens after President Donald Trump signed an executive order regarding nuclear energy in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington on May 23. Samuel Corum/Sipa USA


The list of companies participating in the Department of Energy’s new nuclear reactor pilot program is the latest illustration of a growing divide in the industry, which is only intensifying as the Trump administration takes more strident action to boost the technology.

Last week, DOE chose 10 small nuclear reactor developers to compete for safety design approvals, aiming to advance the technology quickly and have at least three new pilot plants operating by July 4, 2026. Participants included startups like Terrestrial Energy and Aalo Atomics, but notably absent were established nuclear developers such as Westinghouse Nuclear and GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy.

President Donald Trump signed executive orders in May that set the program in motion. The orders also called for an “expedited pathway to approve reactor designs” that had been tested and certified either by DOE or the Defense Department. Under the Trump order, safety designs for new reactors approved by the two agencies could not be revisited by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Around the same time, a staffer affiliated with the so-called Department of Government Efficiency instructed the NRC to give “rubber-stamp” approval of reactor designs tested by DOE.

Industry watchers say the pilot program participants — companies that generally have less experience and have roots in Silicon Valley — are also more likely to support Trump’s shakeup at the NRC. Indeed, three of the pilot program participants have sued the NRC, asserting it should not have jurisdiction over some small reactors.

In contrast, the older and more experienced firms are more apprehensive about the instability stemming from the Trump administration’s overhaul.

“The companies with actual nuclear reactor experience that have built actual operating nuclear reactors are the ones that have been staying away and that value the regulator,” said Allison Macfarlane, a former chair of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission who is now director of the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs at the University of British Columbia.

Participants in the pilot program believe there is room for improvement in the nuclear regulatory process. They characterize the administration’s actions as a positive way to speed up future license applications.

“This is for a pilot reactor. This is to collect data, demonstrate systems. This is not for a commercial plant,” Simon Irish, CEO of Terrestrial Energy, said of the pilot program. Terrestrial is a North Carolina-based developer of molten-salt reactor technology.

“The risk here is a misunderstanding of what the regulatory process is in the United States,” Irish continued. Critics of the administration’s actions, he added, “just see change. They go, ‘Change. Well, it’s going to compromise reactor safety.’”

Firms not in the pilot program still generally express support for the administration’s goals in public.

“We fully support the program’s intent, and the broader goals outlined in the president’s executive order,” said X-energy, a Maryland-based startup partnering with Amazon and Dow Chemical on developing small nuclear reactors, in a statement. X-energy chose not to apply for the program.

But in private, better-established companies that steered away from the pilot program are concerned that sweeping changes to the regulatory process might erode public trust in new nuclear technology. And that could have broader ramifications for future deployment.

“When I look back at the clients that I have, most of them are saying, ‘Yeah, we’re comfortable with the NRC,’” said Jeffrey Merrifield, an attorney with Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman and a former NRC commissioner.

Silicon Valley DNA

Participants in the DOE program share Silicon Valley DNA. Eight of the 10 companies were founded in the San Francisco Bay Area or have tech industry veterans in executive positions.

Macfarlane says the Trump administration has exaggerated this divide by listening primarily to Silicon Valley startups new to the nuclear industry. That includes companies with close ties to politically powerful tech entrepreneurs such as venture capitalist Peter Thiel and OpenAI CEO Sam Altman. Both boast close ties to the White House.

Thiel, an influential Trump backer, is helping to finance a California-based uranium enrichment startup called General Matter. He’s long pushed for a speedier deployment of cutting-edge nuclear technology. Altman was board chair at the advanced nuclear company Oklo until he stepped aside in April. Oklo has cultivated close ties to the White House since January.

Oklo was one of the companies chosen for the pilot program.

“I think these nuke bros have gotten the ear of the Trump administration, and they’ve muscled their way into power,” Macfarlane said.

Administration officials also acknowledge the division their policies create within the industry.

Jeff Waksman, acting assistant secretary of the Army for installations, energy and environment, said in July that he expects the Energy Department to be easier for first-of-a-kind reactor developers to work with.

Michael Goff, deputy assistant secretary for DOE’s Office of Nuclear Energy, said where a company is in the process of getting a nuclear license probably shapes their view of what regulatory path to pursue.

“I wouldn’t expect a company — TerraPower, X-energy — that has submitted construction permits to the NRC and has been given really aggressive turnaround times … to change and go use a DOE authorization process,” Goff said at a July event at the National Press Club.

DOE and Pentagon authorizations would be alternatives to the traditional NRC process under Trump’s May orders.

But Macfarlane thinks that mixing unseasoned startups and a politically motivated DOE without independent expert review could lead to disastrous consequences. An accident, she added, could sour public opinion and political will and set the industry back by decades.

Goff with DOE insists that the agency has and will continue to ensure the safety of projects under its supervision.

“The Department of Energy does authorize reactors as well for the Department of Energy’s use,” Goff said. “When we look at our authorization process compared to the NRC licensing process, they’re very similar.”

Nuclear Regulatory Commission - News Release
No: 25-047 August 15, 2025
CONTACT: Scott Burnell, 301-415-8200

NRC to Discuss Oyster Creek License Termination Plan,
Gather Public Comments during Sept. 17 Meeting

 
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission will hold a hybrid meeting on September 17 to describe the license termination process and to accept comments on the license termination plan for the remaining cleanup activities for the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station in Forked River, New Jersey.
 
The meeting is scheduled from 6-8:30 p.m. Eastern time at the Lacey Township Municipal Building, 818 Lacey Rd in Forked River. The public can also participate via Microsoft Teams; details will be available on the NRC’s public meeting schedule.
 
The license termination plan was submitted in August 2024 and supplemented through May 2025 by Holtec Decommissioning International, the company performing the decommissioning. The plan addresses the remaining dismantlement activities, including planned demolition of building structures and removal of equipment, and remediation of the remaining residual radioactivity to a level that complies with NRC criteria. Under the regulations, the plan must be submitted to the NRC at least two years prior to the planned license termination.
 
The NRC staff accepted HDI’s plan and subsequent supplements for a detailed technical review in June.
 
Written comments on the plan may be submitted through the federal rulemaking website, regulations.gov, under Docket ID NRC-2025-0907; or by mail to: Office of Administration, TWFN-7-A60M, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, Attention: Program Management, Announcements and Editing Staff. The deadline for filing comments is October 15.
 
Oyster Creek was a single-unit boiling-water reactor that came online in April 1969 and was permanently retired in September 2018. In July 2019, the NRC approved the transfer of the licenses for the plant and spent fuel facility from Exelon to Oyster Creek Environmental Protection LLC, for the purposes of decommissioning the facility. OCEP retains ownership of the plant, as well as control of the decommissioning trust fund for the site. HDI, as the licensed operator, is responsible for ensuring the decommissioning work is in compliance with all federal and state regulations.
 

Greetings,

Attaching our placeholder for Beyond Nuclear & Sierra Club  NRC Hearing Request & Intervention for Peach Bottom subsequent license renewal environmental qualification with this bogus 2024 GEIS. 

 

It's some assurance that NRC and Constellation Energy sit tight until there's a ruling out of the DC Circuit, whatever and whenever that will be. 

Oral arguments are still unscheduled and the wait line is likely getting longer.  

 
Paul Gunter, Director
Reactor Oversight Project
Beyond Nuclear

Swarm of jellyfish shuts nuclear power plant in France

‘Massive and unpredictable’ swarm entered filter drums that pull in water, Gravelines operator EDF says

https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/2025/07/31/fpl-florida-power-light-nuclear-safety-afraid-rate-hike-bill/

Florida nuclear plant workers were too afraid to report safety concerns, records show

Lawmakers said utility regulators should examine issues at the Florida Power & Light plant.
 

By

 
Published July 31

A culture of fear has persisted at a Florida nuclear power plant owned and operated by the state’s largest utility, according to a federal inspection report completed last fall.

Workers were hesitant to report safety concerns to upper management lest they face retaliation. Inspectors came to this conclusion after interviewing more than 75 employees at the St. Lucie plant, located on a barrier island an hour north of West Palm Beach.

It wasn’t the only sign of trouble. A federal database showed workers’ anonymous complaints of wrongdoing at the plant skyrocketed last year.

These records cap years of issues surrounding the nuclear operations of the state’s largest utility, Florida Power & Light, most of which have been disclosed in highly technical reports that have escaped public notice. State and federal regulators have identified issues at Florida Power & Light’s two aging nuclear plants, largely focused on safety culture.

The findings, compiled for the first time by the Tampa Bay Times and nonprofit Jacksonville news outlet The Tributary, come as the utility asks regulators for permission to hike Floridians’ electric rates by billions of dollars over the next four years. The utility’s proposed increase represents the largest rate hike request in American history, according to affordability advocates. Because of the issues at these plants, consumers may be footing a higher bill, according to one expert who testified before regulators.

During the federal inspection last year, interviews with employees revealed multiple incidents that were widely known at the plant in which “senior management’s reactions to individuals raising nuclear safety concerns could be perceived as retaliation,” the report reads.

These incidents resulted in employees being too scared to file anonymous complaints online in case their IP addresses were recorded, records show. Instead, they funneled concerns through a union representative.

The majority of staff in the operations department told regulators they were reluctant to raise safety concerns to any managers above their direct supervisors because of these incidents, during which they believed top officials had “the singular focus of furthering production goals.”

Edwin Lyman, a physicist and director of nuclear power safety at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said he found these issues to be troubling.

“The reason why these inspections were initiated in the first place is the recognition of how important good safety culture is,” he said in an interview. “Without that, it’s a toxic environment that contributes to potential for a more serious event to occur.”

Inspectors also found two mechanical issues at St. Lucie that they said had been left unaddressed by plant management for years. One resulted in an emergency shutdown.

The company has defended its management in testimony to state regulators, characterizing its plants as a source of safe, reliable, clean and cost-effective power for the utility’s millions of Florida customers.

The utility cut about a quarter of the jobs at both plants in the last few years, according to testimony from an expert hired by the state’s consumer advocate.

Richard Polich, managing director at the utility consulting firm GDS Associates Inc., said those job reductions, coupled with instances of workers facing penalties after reporting safety problems, indicate the safety culture at the plants may be lacking because staff are forced to do more with less.

“As a result, mistakes can occur, tasks may not be performed in accordance with company procedures, and projects are rushed to be completed, all of which can lead to avoidable … outages, and imprudent fuel costs for customers,” said Polich, who holds degrees in nuclear and mechanical engineering, in testimony submitted to the Florida Public Service Commission.

Florida Power & Light has disputed Polich’s testimony in filings to state regulators, characterizing his comments as “based solely on conjecture” and “irrelevant and incompetent.”

Ellen Meyers, a spokesperson for the utility, said that while fewer people work at its two nuclear plants than in 2017, that was because of a restructuring that centralized more staff at the corporate level.

“FPL’s nuclear fleet has been safely providing low-cost, reliable and emissions-free electricity to Floridians for decades,” Meyers wrote in a statement. “St. Lucie and Turkey Point help FPL deliver reliable electricity from a diverse energy mix to keep customer bills as low as possible.”

The nuclear units at St. Lucie and Turkey Point have been rated as green by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, she said, the highest rating for safety performance. Meyers also pointed out that while federal inspectors found evidence of a chilled work environment at St. Lucie last year, they did not cite the company with any formal violations because the company was working to correct the issues.

Nuclear safety advocates have, however, pushed for federal regulators to do more to enforce safety rules, saying their current system regularly gives utility companies the benefit of the doubt.

Inspectors are discouraged from escalating their findings, making it difficult for any plant to get slapped with a rating worse than green, Lyman wrote in an email to the Times.

“I think that makes the Green findings less meaningful — essentially, there has been grade inflation," he said.

An aging fleet

Florida has a bumpy history with nuclear energy. In 2009, in a do-it-yourself approach to a fix designed to save money, Progress Energy workers at the Crystal River nuclear plant cracked the reactor’s containment building. The plant, now owned by Duke Energy, has been shut down ever since, and Duke customers pay a small fee on each bill so the company can recoup losses from that costly disaster.

That has left St. Lucie and Turkey Point, which is south of Miami, as the only two operational nuclear plants in the state. Combined, the plants make up about a fifth of the utility’s enormous electricity generation, which overall keeps the lights on for 12 million Floridians in 43 counties.

The plants are also aging.

They have been operating since the 1970s, which means keeping up with maintenance is crucial, experts said. The federal government recently renewed the license for Turkey Point until at least 2052. Florida Power & Light expects federal regulators to approve renewals that will allow two of St. Lucie’s reactors to operate for decades.

But throughout the past year, there were indications that workers at a Florida nuclear power plant were clamoring to get the attention of regulators.

The number of anonymous reports of wrongdoing at Florida Power & Light’s St. Lucie plant skyrocketed in 2024, according to data from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which processes the complaints. On-site workers filed far more reports there than at any other of the nation’s 54 nuclear power plants, according to a federal database.

The spike in anonymous reports from Lucie raised red flags, Lyman said.

The substance of those anonymous complaints is secret to protect employee confidentiality, the federal agency said. Federal regulators told Florida Power & Light it began its inspection of work-safety culture because of a spike in anonymous reports.

But the sheer number of them stands out: On-site workers at St. Lucie filed 20 allegations last year, almost double the second-highest plant nationwide and five times the number of complaints from the plant the previous year, according to the data.

Those complaints were among the highest single-year totals of any of the nation’s power plants since 2020. About 425 people work at the plant on an average day, according to a company fact sheet. The pace could be slowing this year, as workers submitted zero complaints through June, the most recent data available.

Gay Henson, the secretary-treasurer of the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, said she dealt with a similar situation of a chilled work environment at a Tennessee Valley Authority nuclear site, where workers who raised concerns were fired. It took years, she said, for the damage to the work culture to be undone.

“Coming out of something like that for a workplace is really difficult for employees and the company, because they have to rebuild trust,” Henson said.

She said it’s noteworthy for federal regulators to make the determination of a chilled work environment, as they did at St. Lucie.

“You have to be especially diligent at a nuclear plant because there’s just so many moving parts,” she said. “Every little concern can become something big if you don’t take care of it early. And if people don’t feel like they can bring something forward, you have a worse situation where people go silent.”

Multiple leaders of the union representing St. Lucie employees, which is a chapter of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, did not respond to texts, calls and emails over several weeks requesting more information about working conditions at the plant, both from reporters and through intermediaries.

The moderator of a Facebook group for St. Lucie plant employees, whose identity was unclear, declined a request from a Times reporter asking to speak with current or former workers.

“No reason to tell you why,” the person replied. “Not interested.”

But public records indicate that Florida Power & Light grappled with dysfunction at St. Lucie and Turkey Point for years.

Old problems arise again

In 2017, a regional vice president for the utility canceled a contract employee’s job after the worker raised a safety concern about how many radiation-detecting devices they needed to wear during refueling, resulting in a federal fine. In 2019, Florida Power & Light mechanics at Turkey Point doctored a work order, inspectors found, falsely saying that a maintenance safety check had been completed.

After two other instances that year of falsifying information at Turkey Point came to light — including technicians performing maintenance on the wrong charging pump, and then “deliberately” failing to notify a manager that they’d “inadvertently manipulated a pressure switch” — the plant got slapped with a $150,000 fine, inspection records show.

Federal regulators said the three 2019 issues “did not cause any actual consequences to the plant” but that the potential ramifications were “significant and concerning.”

“Because the violations are interrelated to a common cause involving integrity issues among multiple FPL staff and inadequate management oversight, these violations have been categorized as a Severity Level III problem,” a federal report reads, referencing a medium-level safety risk.

By 2020, Florida Power & Light had formed an internal task force to “determine the extent of the wide-spread operational performance decline” at both of its nuclear plants, according to a Public Service Commission audit of the utility’s nuclear operations.

Utility leaders became highly critical of their own employees.

Commission staffers wrote that their review of the minutes from the management meetings revealed “unvarnished and often harsh observations and conclusions of FPL’s most senior managers.”

At one point, management concluded that St. Lucie had “the worst operational focus in the [U.S. nuclear] industry.” The state audit further found that some of the plant’s issues included “management being inadequately engaged, allowing erosion of high standards, failing to model appropriate leadership behavior, and failing to deliver acceptable operational results.”

Plant shutdowns are also happening almost twice as often as the national average at St. Lucie and Turkey Point, an analysis of federal records shows. Those shutdowns were the subject of an audit by state regulators last year.

They concluded that Florida Power & Light had addressed the problems enough to start to see a downward trend.

The company’s internal review had helped right the ship. and “no similar issues regarding FPL’s safety culture appear to have arisen since 2019,” regulatory staff wrote.

Then, shutdowns spiked again throughout last year, in tandem with the rise in employees’ safety concerns at St. Lucie.

Now, the same state regulatory staff are noting that the problems identified by the audit have returned.

Suzanne Brownless, a lawyer for state utility regulators, told the commission in remarks filed in November that issues related to Florida Power & Light’s “philosophy with regard to receiving concerns … may have come up again.”

That means that after being largely confined to obscure reports for years, these problems may soon get more attention.

Florida Power & Light recently filed what affordability advocates said was the largest rate hike request in American history, asking state regulators to allow it to charge its customers nearly $10 billion more over the next four years. The utility, which is the biggest in the country, has said the hike is necessary to reinvest in the grid and keep up with Florida’s population growth.

As that case proceeds, the company’s operations will be scrutinized by lawyers and experts in Tallahassee. The state public advocate can ask the utility for internal documents that are usually confidential.

Those records can be used by lawyers to help them argue against the rate hikes. And if the case leads to public hearings, more details about the nuclear problems could spill into the open.

Who pays for mistakes?

Nuclear plant outages are a safety issue — and a financial one.

Last year, Polich, the consultant hired by the state’s consumer advocate, filed testimony to regulators that a series of outages at St. Lucie and Turkey Point from 2020 onward each had associated replacement power costs — that is, the cost of finding electricity to replace the lost output from the nuclear plants when they’re shut down.

For that reason, the cost of a single shutdown can exceed $1 million, he found. What remains a subject of debate is who should pick up that tab: Florida Power & Light or its millions of customers?

Polich argued that regulators on the Florida Public Service Commission should closely scrutinize the outages at St. Lucie and Turkey Point over the last several years, many of which Polich concluded were preventable and the utility’s responsibility.

Florida Power & Light has challenged some of Polich’s conclusions and asked state regulators to strike portions of his past testimony.

The state’s consumer advocate, called the Office of Public Counsel, fought back, accusing the company of trying to hide unflattering evidence.

Last year, the commission approved a settlement between the company and the Office of Public Counsel on a series of nuclear outages from 2020 through 2022 in which the utility agreed to refund customers $5 million. The settlement also subjects Florida Power & Light to another audit of its nuclear program to “ensure that FPL continues to meet and improve its high nuclear power plant operational standards.”

Polich’s entire testimony also became a part of the public record.

In a statement to reporters, Meyers, the utility spokesperson, said Florida Power & Light was not seeking “any replacement power costs associated with FPL’s nuclear operations” in its request to hike base rates this year. Utilities can recoup costs from customers in multiple ways.

But the commission could still take up questions about Florida Power & Light’s management of its nuclear plants when it’s weighing the utility’s request for a rate increase.

State lawmakers who closely follow utility policy hope it does.

Sen. Don Gaetz, a Panhandle Republican who unsuccessfully tried to pass a bill to curb the profits of Florida Power & Light and other utilities, said in a text that the commission “should consider these issues.”

Rep. Anna Eskamani, a Democrat from Orlando, said the multiple problems raised in public documents merit further review.

“A ‘chilled work environment’ where employees fear speaking up about safety concerns is not just a red flag — it’s a siren,” she said in a statement. “When paired with expert testimony detailing years of preventable outages, operational mismanagement, and staff reductions at FPL’s nuclear plants, it’s clear we’re not talking about isolated incidents. This points to a systemic failure in oversight and serious public safety concerns.”

***

The Tampa Bay Times launched the Environment Hub in 2025 to focus on some of Florida‘s most urgent and enduring challenges. You can contribute through our journalism fund by clicking here.

The Tributary is a Florida nonprofit newsroom focused on accountability and investigative journalism.

Emily L. Mahoney is the energy reporter. Reach her at emahoney@tampabay.com.

NRC holds second public meeting on potential restart of Three Mile Island nuclear reactor

Virtual session draws voices from across the U.S. amid debate over safety, water use, and the future of clean energy.
Author: Sydney Nauman
Published: 10:20 PM EDT August 6, 2025
Updated: 10:20 PM EDT August 6, 2025

MIDDLETOWN, Pa. — The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) hosted its second public forum on Wednesday for community members to voice their concerns about the Crane Clean Energy Center's potential restart of Reactor 1. 

The virtual meeting, designed to allow broader public participation, drew 150 voices from afar as Michigan, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C., and touched on topics ranging from nuclear safety and environmental impact to national energy needs. 

But for many, the date of the meeting itself struck a nerve—August 6th marked the 80th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. One attendee called the timing “insensitive,” ending her remarks in silence in honor of the victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The planned restart of the unit, shut down since 2019, has reignited long-standing public concerns about Three Mile Island, which many still associate with the 1979 partial nuclear meltdown at Unit 2.

“Obviously, there was a terrible accident in 1979,” Michael Ford with the Pennsylvania Building Trades acknowledged. “But I believe the industry has made leaps and bounds in every way to make sure that doesn't happen again.”

The NRC said it currently has two licensing applications under review to begin bringing the plant back online and expects more by the end of the year. Officials indicated the full suite of licensing actions needed to restart the plant would be released together instead of individually and may not be completed until late fall.

 

If the restart is approved, the NRC plans to ramp up inspections, with the first report anticipated in late 2025.

Still, many remain skeptical, especially when it comes to the plant’s environmental impact and cooling water needs.

“At Three Mile Island, there’s already 700 metric tons of radioactive nuclear waste on the site—forever, or until there is a national repository,” Jaquelyn Drechsler, a Berks County resident, warned. Drechsler added that restarting Unit 1 would create additional waste that would need to be securely stored.

Environmental advocates raised concerns about the facility’s dependence on the Susquehanna River, noting the massive volume of water needed for cooling.

“We set strict limits for the water levels,” Scott Burnell, a spokesperson for the NRC, stated. “If the Susquehanna were to drop below a certain point, the plant would not be able to operate.

Others emphasized nuclear power’s environmental benefits.

“Using nuclear power is far cleaner than natural gas, oil, or coal,” a participant noted. “You actually get more radiation exposure living near a coal plant.”

Beyond the environmental and energy debates, some speakers noted the economic opportunity the restart could bring to Central Pennsylvania.

“The revitalization of this facility will bring hundreds of skilled, family-sustaining jobs back,” said Matteo Wearden, a recent high school graduate pursuing a career in nuclear energy. “It will stimulate local economies, support union labor, and maintain a vital knowledge base in nuclear operations.”

But for those still haunted by the more than four-decade-old accident at Three Mile Island—the scars remain deep.

“The meltdown will never be erased from the public’s mind,” one resident said. “No matter what name you replace it with."

The NRC says it will continue to evaluate licensing requests and collect public input as the process moves forward.

The NRC previously held its first public meeting regarding the Crane Clean Energy Center, the rebranded name for what was once Three Mile Island Unit One on July . The reactor was permanently shut down in 2019, but its current owner, Constellation Energy, has begun exploring what it would take to bring the plant back online.

That effort is still in its early stages, but federal officials made clear it won’t move forward without substantial oversight and transparency.

“We expect to be performing up to 7,500 hours of inspections at the site,” said Ray McKinley, co-chair of the NRC’s Crane Restart Panel. “Our inspectors will be out there periodically through the course of the restart effort to ensure that systems are restored to service.”

According to the NRC, those inspections will focus on four critical areas:

  • Reactor Safety

  • Emergency Preparedness

  • Radiation Safety

  • Plant Security

NRC representatives also emphasized the importance of keeping the public informed throughout the process.

“Safety is our number one priority,” said Jamie Pelton, also a co-chair of the Crane Restart Panel. “Transparent communication with the public is part of that goal to ensure that people in the area understand what we’re doing.”

 

The restart proposal has sparked a mix of reactions from the community.

Supporters at Thursday’s meeting pointed to the potential economic benefits of reopening the plant, including a boost in long-term employment.

“You’re talking between 600 and 700 full-time jobs with Constellation at the plant,” said Joe Gusler, an apprentice outreach coordinator with the Pennsylvania Building Trades. “These are full-time jobs with retirement and healthcare.”

Others raised environmental and security concerns, including the long-term impact of nuclear waste and releases into the Susquehanna River.

“You can’t live with the nuclear waste forever, so we'd better stop making it,” said Scott Portzline, a Susquehanna Township resident and member of TMI Alert, a community watch group. 

NRC officials responded by emphasizing that no restart can occur unless all environmental, safety and legal requirements are met. The agency says safeguards are built into every phase of the process to ensure public and ecological safety.

If successful, Crane Clean Energy Center would become only the second nuclear plant in the U.S. to restart operations after a permanent closure. The first was the Palisades Nuclear Plant in Michigan, which was granted federal approval to restart just last week.

But, officials say the path forward for Crane could take longer.

“Crane was further along in their decommissioning efforts, so it’s going to take a little bit longer for them to re-establish operating conditions,” McKinley noted. “They have some components they need to replace.”

Constellation is still in the process of submitting license applications and other required documents. Complicating matters is the ongoing decommissioning of Reactor Two — the site of the 1979 nuclear accident — which requires its own set of monitoring and coordination as work on Reactor One moves forward.

The NRC plans to continue hosting meetings to gather community input and provide updates on the review process. The next meeting will be held virtually on Aug. 6. 

Officials say the timeline for a full restart remains fluid and will depend on the complexity of inspections, necessary upgrades and regulatory approvals.

Pages